Cycle Ops vs. Real Road Training

Possibly, but probably not.  Who cares though?  Just give it what you've got.

I don't bother attempting to measure pace or distance on the trainer.  It's too easy to fudge the numbers.

Could be higher, more likely lower, but again, you never know.  You don't have to experience wind while on the trainer, even if the course is flat.

Trainer speed doesn't relate to road speed.  I do track my mileage on the trainer for maintenance scheduling on my bike but don't try to relate the numbers to my road speed.

Add to it the bike handling skills that are needed on the road, but not used/trained on the trainer and it's even more variable.  Do you ride on the hoods on the trainer or on the aerobars?  Makes no real difference on the trainer, but a huge difference on the road.  You'll be lacking on some of the balance skills such as drinking, eating, cornering, stopping, but you have some advantage in that you are used to putting power to the pedals for long intervals with no coasting or resting.

Nope, because resistance on the road depends on too many things.  I have trouble pushing my 30x25 on my climb to work.  But it's too easy on the flats.  I flip gears on the trainer until I get the power and cadence that I need for the assigned interval.