The ABC's of Sports Nutrition

author : Nancy Clark

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Twenty six tips for eating well to support triathlon training

Believe it or not, eating a good sports diet can be simple. Yet too many runners have created a complex and confusing eating program with good and bad foods, lots of rules, and plenty of guilt. Let’s get back to the basics and enjoy performance-enhancing fueling with these simple ABC’s for winning nutrition.

Appreciate the power of food and the positive impact it has on athletic performance. Also notice the negative impact of hunger on your mood, ability to focus, and energy. As a runner, you are either fueling up or refueling. Every meal and snack has a purpose; be responsible!

Breakfast: eat it within three hours of waking for a high-energy day. If you are not hungry in the morning, trade evening snacks with little nutritional value for a wholesome morning meal. Alternatively, eat that wholesome morning meal at night, in place of the snacky foods.

Carbohydrates are the preferred source of muscle fuel for hard runs. Do not “stay away from” pasta, potato, bread, bagels and other starchy foods that have wrongly been deemed fattening but actually help keep muscles well fueled. Serious runners who minimize carb intake risk having poorly fueled muscles.

Dehydration needlessly slows you down, so plan to drink extra fluid 45 to 90 minutes before a hard run. That’s how much time the kidneys require to process fluid. Schedule time to tank up, urinate the excess, and then drink again soon before you start to exercise.

Energy bars are more about convenience than necessity. Bananas, raisins, Fig Newtons and granola bars offer convenient fuel at a fraction of the price. If you prefer pre-wrapped bars, choose ones made with wholesome ingredients such as dried fruits, nuts, and whole grains.

Foods fortified with iron can help non-meat eaters and vegetarians reduce their risk of becoming anemic. Iron-fortified breakfast cereals, such as raisin bran, Grape-Nuts and Wheaties offer more iron than all-natural brands with no added iron, such as Kashi, old-fashioned oats, and granola.

Gatorade and other sports drinks are designed to be used by runners during extended exercise, not as a mealtime beverage or snack. Most foods contain far more electrolytes than found in sports drinks.

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar, as characterized by light-headedness, fatigue, and inability to concentrate) is preventable. To eliminate 4:00 p.m. low blood sugar, enjoy a hearty mid-afternoon snack.

Intermittent fasting might offer health benefits for an overfat, under-fit, sedentary person, but it is not designed for runners. Extended time without food puts your body into muscle-breakdown mode.

Junk food can fit into your sports diet in small amounts. That is, you don't have to have a “perfect diet” to have an excellent diet. The goal is 90% quality foods and, if desired, 10% fun foods with marginal nutritional value.

Keto, Paleo and other fad reducing diets “work” because they limit calorie intake. But when dieters escape from food-jail, backlash takes its toll. Your better bet: Learn how to eat appropriately, not diet restrictively.

Lifting weights is key to building muscles. Carbohydrates provide the energy needed to lift heavy weights. To support muscular growth, choose carbohydrate-based meals with a side of protein, as opposed to protein-based meals with minimal carbs.

Muscles store carbohydrate (grains, fruits, veggies) as glycogen. When replenishing depleted glycogen to prevent needless fatigue, muscles store about 3 ounces of water with each one ounce of carb. Hence, an athlete might gain 2 to 4 pounds of (water) weight when refueling on a rest day.

Nutrient-dense whole foods are so much better for your health than ultra-processed foods. By satiating your appetite with hearty breakfasts and lunches, you’ll curb your desire for afternoon and evening chips, cookies, instant meals, and other highly processed foods—and may not even miss them!

Obsessed about food and weight? If you spend too much time thinking about what or what not to eat, meeting with a sports dietitian (RD CSSD) can help you stop the struggle. Eating should be simple.

Protein is an important part of a sports diet; it helps build and repair muscles after hard workouts—but it does not refuel muscles. A recovery drink should offer three times more carbs than protein. Choose a fruit smoothie (made with Greek yogurt) instead of a low-carb protein shake.

Quality nutrition is best found in natural foods. Be sure there are more apple cores and banana peels than energy bar wrappers and packaging from ultra-processed foods in your waste basket.

Rest is an important part of a training program; your muscles need time to heal and refuel. Plan one or two days with little or no exercise per week. Expect to feel just as hungry on rest days as on exercise days; your muscles need food to replenish depleted glycogen stores.

Sweet cravings are a sign you've gotten too hungry. Experiment with eating enough breakfast and lunch to feel satiated; don’t stop eating just because you think you should. You'll have more energy in the afternoon, better workouts—and far less desire for sweets and treats later in the day.

Thinner does not equate to performing better if the cost of being thinner is skimpy meals and poorly fueled muscles. Initially a lighter runner might set some PRs, but stress fractures and injuries will ultimately take a toll. The better bet: focus on being well-fueled and powerful.

Urine that is dark colored and smelly indicates a need to drink more fluid. (Coffee, yogurt ,and watery foods count as “fluid.”). Well hydrated runners have pale-colored urine and urinate every 2 to 4 hours.

Vegetarian runners should include plant-protein at each meal and snack. Peanut butter on a bagel, hummus with pita, and chocolate soy milk for recovery are just a few suggestions.

Weight is more than a matter of will power; genetics plays a role. Forcing your body to be too thin is abusive.

Xtra vitamins are best found the all-natural way: in dark colorful vegetables such as broccoli, spinach, peppers, tomatoes and carrots, or in fresh fruits such as oranges, grapefruit, cantaloupe, strawberries and kiwi. Fruit smoothie anyone?

Yes, even you can optimally fuel your engines. The trick is to prevent hunger. When too hungry, you'll be more likely to reach for apple pie than an apple. Experiment with front-loading your calories and observe the benefits.

Zippy and zingy--that's how you'll feel when you fuel with premium nutrition. Eat well and enjoy your high energy runs!

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date: January 31, 2021